人工智能是否在医学遗传学中获得了太多的信誉?
1Abdulaziz International School, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医学遗传学中表现有前途,但在复杂的复发风险计算中扎,用于多种疾病. 目前的LLM还没有准备好在临床上用于传递遗传信息.
科学领域:
- 医学遗传学 医学遗传学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在医学遗传学中越来越多地用于基因组解释和诊断等任务.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 正在评估它们提供医学遗传学信息的能力.
- 以前的评估表明,在事实问题上,LLM的表现与人类相似,但在批判性思维任务上不那么准确.
研究的目的:
- 评估LLM,特别是ChatGPT在解决复杂的医学遗传学问题的表现.
- 确定LLM在计算遗传疾病复发风险方面的局限性,特别是在处理多种疾病时.
- 评估LLM在传递医学遗传学信息方面的临床应用的准备程度.
主要方法:
- 聊天GPT在涉及一种疾病的复发风险问题上进行了测试,然后是两个疾病.
- 分析了模型对遗传模式和概率计算的理解.
- 性能与人类受访者和其他LLM进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 聊天GPT证明了对衰退遗传模式的理解,但未能准确计算两个疾病场景中健康后代的概率.
- 在解决这些复杂问题时,LLM表现出"噪音"或不准确.
- 在复发风险计算上的表现,即使是单个疾病的表现也非常差.
结论:
- 目前,LLM在准确计算遗传复发风险方面存在重大局限性,特别是在复杂的病例中.
- 尽管取得了进展,但LLM还不适合作为传递医学遗传信息的可靠临床工具.
- 需要进一步开发来解决这些缺陷,才能实现广泛的临床采用.
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