在细胞培养和小鼠中,SARS-CoV-2 Mac1是IFN对抗性和有效病毒复制所需的
Yousef M Alhammad1, Srivatsan Parthasarathy1, Roshan Ghimire2
1Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047.
概括
冠状病毒的Mac1蛋白对于MERS-CoV和MHV的毒性至关重要,但对于SARS-CoV-2的复制并非如此. 在SARS-CoV-2中删除Mac1降低了其致病性并增强了免疫反应,将Mac1确定为潜在的抗病毒标.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 药物发现 药物发现 药物发现
背景情况:
- 冠状病毒 (CoV) 构成重大公共卫生威胁,需要识别新型抗病毒点.
- 非结构性蛋白3的保存型宏基因 (Mac1) 是一个ADP-ribosylhydrolase和ADP-ribose结合蛋白.
- 以前的研究表明,Mac1在小鼠肝炎病毒 (MHV) 和严重急性呼吸系统综合征 (SARS) -CoV病毒的毒性中起着关键作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查完全删除Mac1对MHV,MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2复制和发病的影响.
- 评估Mac1作为COVID-19治疗的潜在抗病毒药物标.
主要方法:
- 在MHV,MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2中创建复合细菌人工染色体 (BACs) 具有完整的Mac1删除 (ΔMac1).
- 来自BAC的传染性病毒的恢复和表征.
- 在小鼠模型中评估细胞系中的病毒复制和病原发生.
- 对宿主免疫反应的分析,包括干扰素 (IFN) 诱导和免疫细胞群.
主要成果:
- 传染性MHV和MERS-CoV ΔMac1病毒无法恢复,与SARS-CoV-2 ΔMac1不同,这种病毒很容易恢复和复制接近野生类型水平.
- 在小鼠中,SARS-CoV-2 ΔMac1显示病原发生率显著降低,病理性最小,并没有发病率.
- SARS-CoV-2 ΔMac1感染诱导了更高水平的IFN和IFN刺激基因,并减少了炎症单细胞和中性粒细胞.
结论:
- 对于SARS-CoV-2复制而言,Mac1是不可或缺的,但对于其致病性至关重要,与MHV和MERS-CoV不同.
- 马克1似乎对宿主干扰素反应产生了对抗作用,从而导致SARS-CoV-2的毒性.
- SARS-CoV-2 Mac1代表了一个独特而有前途的抗病毒药物标.
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