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相关概念视频

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Microtubule Instability

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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形态发生:不稳定的杆子以及遗传学如何服它们.

Matthias Häring1, Fred Wolf2, Jörg Großhans3

  • 1Göttingen Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks (CIDBN), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany.

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概括

机械应力导致杆子不稳定,这是Drosophila发育过程中观察到的现象. 研究人员确定了轴不稳定的原因和确保突变者左右对称的机制.

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科学领域:

  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个

背景情况:

  • 受到机械应力的杆通常表现出动态不稳定性.
  • 在Drosophila中轴的延长通常会导致U形结构.
  • 某些Drosophila突变体表现出异常折叠或扭曲的身体轴.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查Drosophila突变体中轴不稳定的来源.
  • 阐明在轴延长过程中维护左右对称性的机制.

主要方法:

  • 对具有改变身体轴形态的多索菲拉突变物进行分析.
  • 调查轴形成和稳定的基础生物物理原理.

主要成果:

  • 该研究确定了导致轴不稳定的特定遗传因素.
  • 发现了一种在轴延长过程中调节左右对称性的新机制.

结论:

  • 了解棒的机械应力和动态不稳定性至关重要.
  • 这些发现提供了对Drosophila的发育过程和对称性维护的见解.