智能带来责任 - - 即使是聪明的人工智能助理也会承担责任
Louis Longin1, Bahador Bahrami2, Ophelia Deroy1,3,4
1Faculty of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and the Study of Religion, LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany.
iScience
|August 23, 2023
概括
人们将责任归咎于人工智能 (AI) 系统,而不是机械工具. 人工智能驱动的汽车预警系统有责任,与非人工智能系统不同,受事故结果的影响.
科学领域:
- 人与计算机的互动.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
背景情况:
- 人类经常将责任归咎于人工智能 (AI) 系统,即使它们作为工具运作.
- 这与非AI机械系统的处理形成鲜明对比,这些机械系统通常不会对结果负责.
- 人工智能参与自动触发责任归属的程度需要调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查纯粹仪器AI系统是否负有责任.
- 为了比较人工智能驱动的汽车预警系统与非人工智能驱动的汽车预警系统的责任归属.
- 检查结果偏差对人工智能系统责任归因的影响.
主要方法:
- 比较性研究设计.比较性研究设计.
- 在汽车预警系统中对人工智能的参与进行实验操纵 (人工智能驱动与非人工智能驱动).
- 对系统及其结果的人类用户责任评级的测量.
主要成果:
- 当预警系统是人工智能驱动时,责任是共享的,但当它纯粹是机械时,责任是共享的,尽管这两者都被视为工具.
- 观察到一个结果偏差,人工智能系统获得了更多的成功信誉和更多的失败指责.
- 人工智能系统的责任归属受到人类用户的行动或不行动的影响.
结论:
- 人工智能在一个系统中的参与,即使是作为一个工具工具,也会导致共同责任.
- 人类对人工智能系统的责任感受易受结果偏见的影响.
- 未来的研究应该探索人工智能责任归因背后的心理机制.
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