从斯里兰卡和其他地方消除疟疾;为其他处于消除阶段的国家吸取教训
1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
The Ceylon medical journal
|August 23, 2023
概括
斯里兰卡在2012年成功消除了本土疟疾,并于2016年获得了认证. 持续的监测至关重要,以防止由于新的威胁,如Anopheles stephensi载体的重新建立.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 热带医学 热带医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 斯里兰卡在2012年消除了本土疟疾,这是一个重要的里程碑,经过长期的控制努力,斯里兰卡在2012年消除了本土疟疾.
- 此前在1963年和1967年/69年的根除尝试都失败了,导致长期的控制计划.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的"逆转疟疾倡议" (1998年启动) 重振了疟疾控制和消除战略.
研究的目的:
- 记录斯里兰卡疟疾控制和消除的历史轨迹.
- 突出能够成功消除本土疟疾的关键因素.
- 强调持续警和预防重建战略的重要性.
主要方法:
- 审查历史疟疾控制数据和计划评估.
- 自2000年以来,对减轻疟疾负担的因素的分析.
- 检查消除后的监测和预防策略.
主要成果:
- 截至2012年11月,本土疟疾已被消除,并于2016年9月获得世卫组织的认证.
- 关键的推动因素包括有针对性的控制活动,停止敌对行动和全球基金资金.
- 尽管消除,引入和诱导的病例已经发生,一个新的城市疟疾载体Anopheles stephensi在2016年出现.
结论:
- 持续的公共卫生努力,包括加强监测和优质诊断,对于防止疟疾复发至关重要.
- 阿诺菲莱斯斯蒂芬西的出现需要城市疟疾控制的适应性策略.
- 在实现全球疟疾根除之前,持续监测和准备是必不可少的.
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