胃类动物作为饮用水中的便指标细菌的来源
Carolin Leister1, Johannes E Reiner2, Victoria Grießmeier2
1TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Department Water Microbiology, Karlsruher Str. 84, D-76139, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Water research
|August 23, 2023
概括
胃足动物中含有大量的肠球菌和大肠杆菌. 虽然通常被误认为是大肠杆菌,但一种新的Buttiauxella物种会导致错误的阳性结果,这表明胃类动物是便指标细菌的潜在载体.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水的质量 水的质量
背景情况:
- 微生物水质对公共健康至关重要.
- 便指标细菌如大肠杆菌,大肠杆菌和肠球菌是标准的监测工具.
- 无脊椎动物,包括胃类动物,已与微生物水质问题有关.
研究的目的:
- 调查足动物便中的便指标细菌的存在和作用.
- 确定饮用水系统中微生物污染的潜在来源.
- 重新评估标准便指标细菌检测方法的可靠性.
主要方法:
- 标准的微生物培养方法被用来检测 (Arion,Helix,Cepaea) 便中的便指标细菌.
- 用ISO方法进行细菌鉴定.
- 进行了微生物组分析以确认和更深入的见解.
主要成果:
- 在类动物便中检测到高度的肠球菌 (平均1.5 × 10^6/g) 和大肠杆菌 (平均6.3 × 10^6/g).
- 最初检测到大肠杆菌,但进一步分析显示,它是一种新的Buttiauxella物种,表现出β-D-葡萄糖酶活性,导致错误的阳性结果.
- 微生物组分析证实了Enterobacteriaceae的优势,但显示了很少的Escherichia序列.
结论:
- 肠球菌和大肠杆菌是足动物微生物组的组成部分.
- 胃类动物可能充当便指标细菌的载体,大肠杆菌可能来自其他来源.
- 该研究强调,需要扩大便指标细菌来源的概念,包括胃类动物,以及人类和同热动物.
相关概念视频
01:50What is Monogastric Digestion?
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
01:27Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
01:30Reservoir of Infection
Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
01:18Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
01:25Cholera
Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
01:12Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...