全球泛滥式采矿增加了热带河流的沉积物量
Evan N Dethier1,2,3,4, Miles Silman5,6, Jimena Díaz Leiva7
1Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. evan.nylen.dethier@dartmouth.edu.
Nature
|August 23, 2023
概括
全球河流矿产开采正在增加, 破坏热带生态系统, 威胁人类健康. 这种普遍活动显著提高悬浮沉积物度,影响全球水生生物和基础设施.
科学领域:
- 环境科学
- 水文学
- 遥感技术
背景情况:
- 河流矿产开采正在全球范围内扩大,
- 采矿活动改变了河流生态系统,对人类健康构成风险.
- 之前的研究集中在地方影响上, 缺乏对采矿足迹的全球视角.
研究的目的:
- 综合河流矿产开采的全球物理足迹和水文影响.
- 使用卫星数据分析37年来河流采矿活动的趋势.
- 量化由于采矿产生的沉积物造成的河流变化的程度.
主要方法:
- 收集和分析了37年的河流矿产数据库.
- 在49个国家确定了396个矿区.
- 悬浮沉积物度的量化变化和河流流域的变化.
主要成果:
- 在全球范围内发现广泛且不断增长的河流矿产开采,主要集中在热带地区.
- 在受影响的173条河流中,
- 确定35,000公里的河流 (6%的大型热带河流) 被采矿沉积物改变.
结论:
- 河流矿产开采是一个普遍存在的全球问题,
- 采矿产生的沉积物大大降低了热带河流系统.
- 迫切需要采取全球行动来缓解河流采矿的影响.
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