胚胎DNA甲基组重塑的进化保存在与远距离相关的远端物种中
Samuel E Ross1,2,3, Javier Vázquez-Marín4, Krista R B Gert5,6
1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Nucleic acids research
|August 24, 2023
概括
像Medaka这样的远程生物中DNA甲基化重编程是保存的,与哺乳动物不同. 早期的胚胎在没有全球擦除的情况下采用父性甲基化模式,揭示了对这一重要表观遗传过程的进化见解.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学和发育生物学
- 进行比较基因组学.
- 脊椎动物的胚胎发生
背景情况:
- DNA甲基化,特别是CG环境中的甲基化细胞蛋白 (mCG),是细胞分化过程中调节基因表达的关键表观遗传标记.
- 哺乳动物胚胎发生涉及全球DNA甲基化抹除和重建,这一过程在斑马鱼中没有观察到.
- 了解非哺乳动物脊椎动物的DNA甲基化动态对于破译进化保护和表观遗传调节的分歧至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究远星生物中DNA甲基化重塑的进化保存和分歧.
- 在medaka和medaka-zebrafish杂交胚胎发生过程中描述DNA甲基组动态.
- 为了比较teleost DNA甲基化重编程与哺乳动物模式.
主要方法:
- 基解析度DNA甲基组数据集的生成.
- 在发展中的Medaka和Medaka-Zebrafish杂交胚胎中分析DNA甲基化模式.
- 跨物种DNA甲基化动态的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 梅达卡胚胎表现出高的游戏mCG水平,并采用类似于父的甲基化模式,没有全球除,类似于斑马鱼.
- 非正规的DNA甲基化 (mCH) 重编程在TGCT串联重复中被保留在远端胚胎生成中.
- 梅达卡 - 斑马鱼杂交体显示保存的DNA甲基化重塑模式,表明遥远的远端物种之间兼容的维护机制.
结论:
- 泰勒奥斯特DNA甲基化重塑途径受到强烈保护,与哺乳动物的全球除机制有很大区别.
- 胚胎发生过程中的表观遗传调节显示了远视动物和哺乳动物之间显著的进化分歧.
- 这些发现突出显示,尽管与哺乳动物有差异,但在teleosts中表观遗传重编程的保存性质仍然存在.
相关概念视频
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
4.0K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.0K
The Evidence for Evolution
42.9K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
42.9K
Position-effect Variegation
6.4K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.4K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.8K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.9K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.2K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.2K


