在大型语言群体中识别和预测刻板印象的变化:72个群体,115年 (1900-2015年) 和四个文本来源
Tessa E S Charlesworth1, Nishanth Sanjeev2, Mark L Hatzenbuehler1
1Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Journal of personality and social psychology
|August 24, 2023
概括
刻板印象显示明显内容中适度至大变化,但在115年内稳定潜伏结构. 群体间的刻板印象变化的变化与语言和社会因素有关,为历史刻板印象动态提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
- 文化进化 文化进化
背景情况:
- 刻板印象是社会认知的基础,但随着时间的推移,它们呈现出动态变化.
- 了解刻板印象的稳定性和变化性对于社会凝聚力和公平性至关重要.
- 以前的研究缺乏对刻板印象内容和结构的大规模纵向分析.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究115年来不同群体的明显和隐藏的刻板印象的变化和稳定性.
- 检查不同社会群体中刻板印象变化的变化.
- 识别语言和社会相关性,预测刻板印象的变化和稳定性.
主要方法:
- 利用自然语言处理 (词嵌入) 在四个大型的英语文本体上,跨越了115年.
- 分析了明显的刻板印象内容 (顶部关联的特征) 和潜在的结构 (特征嵌入,价值,温暖,能力).
- 在72个不同的群体中量化刻板印象的变化,稳定性和一致性.
主要成果:
- 群体刻板印象表现出明显内容的显著变化,但潜伏结构的相对稳定.
- 在72个研究组中观察到变化和稳定性的实质性变化.
- 语言因素 (提及频率) 和社会因素 (群体类型,例如社会人口统计学) 预测了刻板印象的变化.
结论:
- 显而易见和隐藏的刻板印象变化之间的分离表明,尽管表现方式发生了变化,但后果是持久的.
- 刻板印象的变化不是统一的;特定的群体特征影响历史转变的速度和性质.
- 调查结果为推动历史刻板印象演变的因素提供了定量证据,为干预和社会理解提供了信息.
相关概念视频
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.8K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.8K
02:09Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.7K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.7K
01:27Language and Cognition
374
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
374
01:22Language Development
395
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
395
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.3K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.3K
01:24Components of Language
317
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
317