管理和住房因素与小结构化的高山牛畜牧业的结核病阳性群体相关
T Liening-Ewert1, A Tichy2, C Mader3
1Regional Veterinary Office Tyrol, Austria.
Preventive veterinary medicine
|August 24, 2023
概括
牛中的偏结核病 (MAP) 通过使用牛奶替代品和草床铺来减少,而深层垃圾系统和固体便增加了MAP阳性牛群. 传统的高山农业实践对疾病传播的影响不同于以前的想法.
科学领域:
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 传染病控制和控制传染病
- 动物养殖 动物养殖
背景情况:
- 结核病 (约翰氏病),是由Mycobacterium avium亚种引起的. 结核病 (MAP) 是一种具有重大经济影响的全球性牛病.
- 疾病的传播是通过购买受感染的动物和接触受污染的环境和设备.
- 阿尔卑斯山的农业系统在疾病管理方面面临着独特的挑战,原因是小农户的结构和共享资源.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定与MAP阳性群体状况相关的奥地利阿尔卑斯地区的特定管理因素.
- 评估传统农业实践对牛中MAP传播的影响.
- 了解MAP在小规模的阿尔卑斯山农业环境中传播的独特动态.
主要方法:
- 一项由50个问题组成的调查对奥地利蒂罗尔的5592个牛场进行了调查 (2013/2014).
- 通过便采样 (靴子抹布,便,集体和单个便) 和血清ELISA测试的组合,确定了MAP群体状态.
- 统计分析,包括赔率比率 (OR),用于评估风险因素.
主要成果:
- 在小牛养 (OR=0.472) 和草床铺 (OR=0.625) 中使用替代牛奶与MAP阳性群体的可能性降低有关.
- 深层垃圾住房系统 (OR=2.232),泥通道 (OR=1.411) 和年轻牛的固体 (OR=1.744) 增加了MAP阳性状态的几率.
- 牧场 (低地和高山) 和农场设备的共享,以及农场规模,并没有显著地影响MAP群体状态.
结论:
- 特定的住房和养管理实践对奥地利阿尔卑斯山牛场的MAP群体状况产生重大影响.
- 传统的MAP传播风险因素可能会因阿尔卑斯山农业独特的小农户和共享资源环境而改变.
- 调查结果强调,需要针对区域农业系统量身定制的疾病控制策略.
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