高葡萄糖暴露导致肠道屏障功能障碍,改变其形态,结构和功能性质.
Nolwenn Dubois1, Javier Muñoz-Garcia2, Dominique Heymann3
1Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France.
Biochemical pharmacology
|August 24, 2023
概括
高葡萄糖 (HG) 对肠道屏障细胞产生负面影响,改变其结构和功能. 控制高血糖是防止肠道屏障损伤和改善治疗的关键.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 高血糖 (HG) 和高血糖与慢性健康并发症有关.
- 以前的研究表明,HG会损害肠道屏障功能,但具体的变化尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 使用体外模型研究HG对肠道屏障的形态,结构和功能特征的长期影响.
- 为了比较HG对单一培养和共同培养系统中的肠道屏障细胞的影响.
主要方法:
- 在单一培养和共同培养模型中利用了Caco-2和HT29-MTX细胞系.
- 细胞暴露于正常 (5.5毫米) 和高 (25毫米) 的葡萄糖度21天.
- 评估了形态变化,通过mRNA,蛋白质和免疫光来表达紧结蛋白 (ZO-1,OCLN,E-cad),以及透性,粘液产生和性酸酶活性等功能参数.
主要成果:
- HG暴露导致更密集,更不组织的细胞层,增加了Caco-2迁移,并增强了HT29-MTX的扩散.
- 虽然紧结蛋白质的mRNA和蛋白质水平略有下降,但免疫光检测显示,在HG下,它们的结构网络发生了显著的破坏.
- HG对肠道屏障功能产生了负面影响,包括增加透性,减少粘液产生和改变性酸酶活性,在共同培养中影响更为明显.
结论:
- 长期高葡萄糖暴露会破坏肠道屏障的形态,结构和功能.
- 肠细胞和杯细胞 (在共同培养中) 之间的相互作用加剧了HG诱导的损伤.
- 管理高血糖症对于减轻肠道屏障损伤和提高治疗结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
31.8K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
31.8K
Glucose Transporters
22.9K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
22.9K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
1.8K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.8K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.5K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.5K
Transcellular Transport of Solutes
3.6K
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
3.6K


