在极端太阳质子风暴之后的全球臭氧损失基于2012年7月的冠状质量弹射
Niilo Kalakoski1, Pekka T Verronen2,3, Monika E Szeląg2
1Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland. niilo.kalakoski@fmi.fi.
Scientific reports
|August 24, 2023
概括
大规模的太阳风暴可能会破坏卫星和电网. 甚至2012年7月的一次远离地球的事件也显示出了显著的大气影响,突出显示了太阳质子事件的潜在危险.
科学领域:
- 太空天气和大气科学
- 太阳物理和日球现象.
- 气候科学和大气化学
背景情况:
- 大规模的太阳冠状质量喷射 (CMEs) 是太空天气的主要驱动因素,对近地太空基础设施构成风险.
- 这些事件可以破坏卫星通信,诱导电网中的电流,并将能量粒子释放到大气中.
- 2012年7月的CME虽然是以地球为导向的,但作为评估极端空间天气影响的关键案例研究.
研究的目的:
- 分析大气对2012年7月太阳冠状质量弹射事件的反应.
- 评估太阳质子事件对地球臭氧层的潜在影响.
- 为了将2012年7月事件对大气的影响与历史上的太阳质子事件和其他大规模大气干扰进行比较.
主要方法:
- 分析由STEREO-A卫星记录的质子流量数据.
- 模拟大气对太阳能粒子事件的反应.
- 模拟冲击与历史太阳质子事件数据和代理记录的比较.
主要成果:
- 2012年7月事件的大气反应,基于质子流,可与卫星时代的主要太阳质子事件相比较.
- 极地地区以外的臭氧层显著减少将需要比2012年7月的CME更大的太阳事件.
- 一个极端的太阳事件可能会导致广泛的,长期的臭氧减少,包括赤道地区和南极臭氧洞.
结论:
- 2012年7月的太阳事件强调了大型太阳质子事件对大气的影响.
- 虽然2012年事件对臭氧的影响是有限的,但历史上非常大的太阳能事件可能会导致严重的,广泛的臭氧损耗.
- 极端太阳现象对臭氧层的潜在破坏性影响与大火山喷发或地球工程场景相美.
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