选择性育种可以有助于牛结核病的控制和根除
1Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. georgios.banos@sruc.ac.uk.
Irish veterinary journal
|August 24, 2023
概括
选择性育种可以提高牛对牛结核病 (bTB) 的抵抗力. 针对耐药性和降低感染力的基因选择为bTB根除提供了一个永久的,互补的策略.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 兽医科学 兽医科学 兽医科学
- 控制和控制疾病的疾病.
背景情况:
- 牛结核 (bTB) 仍然是对动物健康和经济的重大全球威胁.
- 需要加大努力,才能在受影响地区获得官方无结核病 (OTF) 的地位.
- 在牛群中存在宿主对Mycobacterium bovis感染反应的遗传变异.
研究的目的:
- 评估基因选择作为控制和根除牛结核的额外工具的潜力.
- 探索bTB耐药性的遗传性及其对选择性育种计划的影响.
- 调查宿主感染性在bTB传播中的作用及其对基因操纵的潜力.
主要方法:
- 审查关于遗传变异,遗传性估计和与bTB耐药性相关的基因组研究的现有文献.
- 对模拟研究的分析,证明遗传选择对疾病动态的影响.
- 考虑bTB耐药性与其他生产特征之间的遗传相关性.
主要成果:
- 对bTB耐药性的遗传性估计 (0.06-0.18) 表明对选择性繁殖的适应性.
- 遗传选择可以是一个恒定,累积和永久的控制措施.
- 在bTB耐药性和生产力特征之间没有发现显著的对抗性遗传相关性.
- 基因组研究确定了与bTB耐药性相关的多个标记物和基因,表明复杂的多基因特征.
- 宿主感染性的遗传变异也存在,这表明双特征选择可以加速根除.
结论:
- 选择性育种,针对宿主耐药性和传染性,是控制和根除BTB的可行补充策略.
- 开发精确的基因组育种值对于有效的选择性育种计划至关重要.
- 基因改进提供了一个永久的解决方案,以减少bTB的发病率和严重程度.
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