患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍及其亚型的儿童的大脑结构差异
Theresah Boateng1, Kathryn Beauchamp2,3, Faerl Torres3
1Department of Special Education, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Frontiers in neuroscience
|August 25, 2023
概括
产前酒精暴露 (PAE) 可以导致胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD),导致儿童的大脑体积减少. 像部分胎儿酒精综合征 (pFAS) /胎儿酒精综合征 (FAS) 这样的特定亚型与对照组相比显示出显著的结构性大脑差异.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 产前酒精暴露 (PAE) 是可预防的出生缺陷和神经发育障碍的主要原因.
- 胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 涵盖了一系列由PAE引起的疾病,影响大脑结构和功能.
- 之前的研究表明,PAE可能会影响大脑发育,但对FASD亚型的详细分析有限.
研究的目的:
- 量化与对照儿童相比,患有FASD的儿童的大脑结构差异.
- 为了检查不同FASD亚型 (pFAS/FAS与PAE/ARND) 在大脑结构中的差异.
- 在这个人群中调查大脑体积和认知功能 (IQ) 之间的相关性.
主要方法:
- 招募了123名被诊断患有FASD/PAE或对照的儿童和青少年.
- 使用3T扫描仪获得结构T1加权的MRI扫描.
- 使用FreeSurfer v7.2来量化大脑体积,皮质厚度和诊断子组的表面积.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,患有FASD的儿童的总脑容量较小,pFAS/FAS显著减少.
- 在pFAS/FAS中观察到额叶和叶体积减少,而PAE/ARND显示的体积与对照体积相似.
- 与对照组相比,pFAS/FAS和PAE/ARND两组都减少了小脑,尾状和状体积;体积与智商相关.
结论:
- 这项研究证实了FASD儿童的大脑体积的减少,并突出了各个亚型的结构效应差异.
- 这些发现强调了PAE对大脑发育的复杂影响,根据亚型和大脑区域而异.
- 这些结构变异可能有助于在FASD患者中观察到的认知和行为挑战.
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