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在有才华的游泳者中追踪表现及其基本特征:在从初级到高级过渡期间进行的纵向研究
Aylin K Post1, Ruud H Koning2, Chris Visscher1
1Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Frontiers in physiology
|August 25, 2023
概括
精英游泳者表现出更高的初级水平的表现和更快的发展在关键领域,如最大速度和转. 这些因素对于在游泳中获得高级精英地位至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人才识别 人才识别
- 游泳表现分析 游泳表现分析
背景情况:
- 识别有望达到精英水平的游泳运动员对于有针对性的发展至关重要.
- 纵向研究对于了解体育发展轨迹至关重要.
- 之前的研究集中在各种绩效指标上,但需要对初级到高级过渡进行全面的了解.
研究的目的:
- 为了区分那些达到高级精英水平的游泳运动员与那些没有达到高级精英水平的游泳运动员的发展途径.
- 确定未来精英游泳运动员的关键性能特征和发展速度.
- 从初级到高级年龄组回顾分析这些差异.
主要方法:
- 在四个赛季内从29名有才华的初级游泳运动员收集了纵向数据.
- 对赛季最佳表现和基本特征的分析:人体测量,起跑,转,最大游泳速度,中风指数 (SI) 和下肢功率.
- 统计分析包括独立的样本t测试和多层次模型,并进行性别特定的分析.
主要成果:
- 与表现较差的同龄人相比,高绩效的老年人表现出优越的初级水平表现和关键特征 (最大速度,起跑,转,SI,下肢力量).
- 在从初级到高级的过渡期间,在高表现的老年人中观察到最大游泳速度和转 (男性) 和SI (女性) 的更快的发育率.
- 初步高水平的表现和特征在晚年初级年龄,再加上持续的进步,对于精英的成就至关重要.
结论:
- 在初级游泳运动员中早期识别人才是通过卓越的表现和特定的生理和技术技能来支持的.
- 在关键的初级到高级过渡期间,最大游泳速度,转和冲击指数的持续发展是未来精英游泳者的标志.
- 这些发现为人才培养计划提供了宝贵的见解,旨在优化游泳运动员向高级精英水平的进步.
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