工作和日常生活中的认知衰老 - - 一篇关于因中心认知功能的与年龄有关的变化所带来的挑战的叙述性综述
Stephan Getzmann1, Julian E Reiser1, Patrick D Gajewski1
1Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Frontiers in psychology
|August 25, 2023
概括
老年人面临着复杂的工作要求. 本综述探讨了与年龄相关的认知控制变化和补偿策略,重点关注工作能力和福祉的执行功能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
背景情况:
- 人口变化增加了老年员工在复杂,苛刻的工作环境.
- 认知控制,包括执行功能 (更新,转移,抑制),对于工作表现至关重要,并且随着年龄的增长而下降.
- 了解与年龄相关的认知变化对于维持老龄化劳动力的工作能力和福祉至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查与工作和日常活动相关的认知控制机制的与年龄有关的变化.
- 探索执行功能如何受到老龄化的影响,并影响复杂的任务.
- 讨论补偿机制及其神经生理相关物,特别是使用EEG测量.
主要方法:
- 文献综述侧重于认知控制,衰老和与工作相关的活动.
- 对老年人执行功能 (更新,转移,抑制) 的研究进行分析.
- 对神经生理学相关的讨论,重点是电脑电图 (EEG) 测量.
主要成果:
- 与年龄相关的认知控制下降影响了要求高的任务的表现,如理解语音,双重任务行走,驾驶和管理中断.
- 老年人使用补偿策略来缓解与年龄相关的认知控制限制.
- 脑电图测量提供了有关年龄的认知控制和补偿的神经基础的见解.
结论:
- 认知控制和执行功能对于老年工人适应复杂的工作需求的能力至关重要.
- 补偿机制对于维持老年员工的功能能力和福祉至关重要.
- 使用神经生理学方法进行进一步的研究可以为支持老龄化劳动力的战略提供信息.
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