支持就业计划是如何工作的? 来自系统文献综述的答案
Larissa M Sundermann1, Sigrid Haunberger2, Fiona Gisler2
1HSO Wirtschafts- und Informatikschule (HSO Business School), Andreasstrasse 15, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland.
概括
支持就业 (SE) 帮助严重精神疾病患者找到和保持工作. 本综述确定了影响不同个人和环境的SE计划成功的相互关联因素.
科学领域:
- 康复心理学 康复心理学
- 精神科康复 精神科康复
- 社会精神病学是一种社会精神病学.
背景情况:
- 支持就业 (SE) 被认为有助于在竞争性就业中帮助患有严重精神疾病 (SMI) 的个人.
- 现有的研究往往侧重于SE疗效,而不是影响结果的上下文和机制因素.
- 更深入地了解"什么适合谁,什么时候,以及如何"对于优化SE干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关严重精神疾病 (SMI) 支持就业 (SE) 的文献.
- 识别和分析影响影响因素 (背景和机制),影响SE结果.
- 开发一个模型,说明这些因素在SE计划中的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 在四个数据库中进行文献搜索,寻找分析SE课程内辅导设置的研究.
- 包括104个符合特定纳入标准的出版物.
- 分析了专注于SE计划效应,客户特征,专业角色和客户与专业关系的研究.
主要成果:
- 大多数SE研究采用一维方法,检查孤立的效应.
- 确定了影响SE结果的相互关联的影响因素.
- 这些因素累计影响客户,专业人士和更广泛的环境.
结论:
- 支持就业 (SE) 的有效性是由上下文和机制因素的复杂相互作用所调节的.
- 需要一个整体模型来理解严重精神疾病 (SMI) 患者对SE结果的多方面的影响.
- 未来的研究应该探索这些相互关联的因素,以加强SE计划的设计和实施.
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