当儿童的产量偏离观察到的输入时:模拟英语过去时的变量产量
Libby Barak1,2, Zara Harmon3,4, Naomi H Feldman3,4
1Department of Linguistics, Montclair State University.
Cognitive science
|August 25, 2023
概括
学习英语过去时代的儿童可能最初会错误地使用裸体动词形式. 计算建模显示,这个阶段是通过在语言学习过程中平衡不常见的过去时的意义与频繁的裸体形式而产生的.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 儿童学习语言时,往往会产生新的形式-意义关联,而这些关联在他们的输入中并不存在.
- 一个常见的例子是英语学习的孩子在过去时的语境中使用裸体动词形式,尽管已经产生了' -ed'的折叠.
- 研究主要集中在过度概括错误上,对规则获取的早期阶段的关注较少.
研究的目的:
- 在掌握过去时代之前,以计算方式建模和解释儿童的早期生产行为.
- 为了展示看似不正确的动词形式如何在没有明确的语法许可的情况下在学习模型中出现.
- 调查推动从裸体形式使用过渡到像成年人一样的过去时代制作的潜在机制.
主要方法:
- 利用计算建模来模拟英语过去时代学习过程.
- 设计了一个模型来复制儿童的生产模式,特别专注于前一般化阶段.
- 分析了模型的行为,以确定导致裸体形式作品出现的因素.
主要成果:
- 该模型成功地复制了儿童的裸体形式制作,表明这些可以在没有语法许可的情况下出现.
- 模型中裸体形式的使用源于学习不太频繁的含义 (过去时) 和限制频繁的形式 (裸体动词) 之间的冲突.
- 该模型表现出与儿童相似的发育轨迹,通过裸体形式的使用进步,然后汇聚到像成年人一样的过去时代制作.
结论:
- 早期,看似错误的语言生成可以通过单一的,统一的学习机制来解释.
- 在学习罕见的含义和限制频繁的形式之间的紧张关系是早期过去时的获取的一个关键因素.
- 计算模型为获得语法规则的发展阶段提供了有价值的见解.
相关概念视频
01:30Typical Model Studies
380
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
380
01:12Modeling and Similitude
289
Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
289
01:11Variability: Analysis
158
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
158
01:23Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis
64
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
64
01:07Elaborative Rehearsals
106
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
The effectiveness of...
106
01:22Language Development
395
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
395