在阿尔卑斯山滑雪青少年世界锦标赛中构成年度效果和表现
Øyvind Bjerke1, Håvard Lorås1, Arve Vorland Pedersen2
1Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 25, 2023
概括
构成年效应 (CYE) 影响初级高山滑雪运动员在世界锦标赛上的表现. 这种效应在速度赛事和男性运动员中比女性更明显.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 发展生理学 发展生理学
- 绩效分析 绩效分析
背景情况:
- 相对年龄效应 (RAE) 影响体育表现,因为出生月份在单年队列中的变化.
- 构成年效应 (CYE) 将RAE原则扩展到多年龄组,可能放大发育差异.
- 青少年高山滑雪涉及不同年龄组一起竞争,需要了解与年龄相关的性能变化.
研究的目的:
- 调查在世界锦标赛中青少年高山滑雪中构成年效应 (CYE) 的存在和规模.
- 为了比较CYE在不同赛事类型 (速度与技术) 和性别 (男性与女性) 的影响.
- 在现有研究中对体育中相对年龄影响的研究结果进行背景化.
主要方法:
- 从世界锦标赛中对初级高山滑雪运动员表现数据的分析.
- 统计检查出生年 (组成年) 与种族结果之间的关系.
- 速度赛事 (下坡,超级G) 和技术赛事 (斯拉洛姆,大斯拉洛姆) 之间的效果大小的比较.
- 构成年效应的基于性别的比较.
主要成果:
- 发现构成年效应存在于世界锦标赛中青年高山滑雪运动员的表现.
- 与技术赛事相比,在速度赛事中,CYE显著更高.
- 在男性滑雪运动员中,CYE比女性滑雪运动员更明显.
结论:
- 构成年效应显著影响初级高山滑雪的表现,特别是在速度学科.
- 在CYE的表现方面存在性别差异,男性表现出更大的影响.
- 调查结果强调了在精英青年体育运动中考虑发育年龄差异的重要性.
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