饮食摄入量和补充剂在竞争性女性体育运动员中的使用
John E Haubenstricker1, Jerry W Lee1, Gina Segovia-Siapco1
1School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 25, 2023
概括
女性健美运动员消耗过多的蛋白质,并且饮食质量不够优,无论比赛季节如何. 建议进行健康教育,以改善营养和补充实践,以获得更好的健康结果.
科学领域:
- 运动营养 运动营养
- 健美科学 健美科学 健美科学
- 营养生理学 营养生理学
背景情况:
- 妇女参与健美运动的比例有所增加,但对她们的特定饮食摄入量和补充剂使用的研究仍然有限.
- 人们对其饮食中潜在的质量差和微量营养素缺乏存在担忧,同时也普遍使用补充剂.
- 这项研究通过检查不同竞争阶段的女性健美运动员的饮食摄入量,补充剂使用和饮食质量来解决这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较饮食摄入量,补充使用模式和季内和季外女性健美运动员之间的饮食质量.
- 确定竞争性女性健美运动员的饮食中潜在的营养风险和改善领域.
- 提供基于证据的建议,以优化这一群体的营养和补充策略.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及227名女性健美运动员的横截面研究.
- 通过自动自主24小时饮食评估工具 (ASA24) 评估饮食摄入量,并使用健康饮食指数-2015 (HEI-2015) 评估饮食质量.
- 补充剂使用和其他变量通过验证的在线问卷收集;统计分析包括ANCOVA和Welch的t测试.
主要成果:
- 赛季内健美运动员消耗的能量,碳水化合物和脂肪较少,但蛋白质比赛季外的同行多.
- 所有参与者都摄入过多的蛋白质;赛季中的竞争对手摄入过多的脂肪,而赛季之外的竞争对手的能量摄入量低于建议.
- 微量营养素摄入量达到或超过了饮食参考摄入量,但HEI-2015得分低于美国美国人饮食指南,没有显著的季节性差异.
结论:
- 女性健美运动员表现出不理想的饮食质量和过多的蛋白质摄入量,无论他们的竞争地位如何.
- 当前的营养实践可能与最佳体型运动员的建议或一般健康饮食准则不一致.
- 有针对性的健康教育对于改善饮食质量,确保安全有效的补充剂使用以及提高女性健美运动员整体健康状况至关重要.
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