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通过皮肤和口腔接触重金属的风险来自3D打印金属填充热塑性塑料
Anna M Wade1, Derek M Peloquin2, Joanna M Matheson3
1Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|August 25, 2023
概括
3D打印丝中的金属添加剂存在风险,铜和青铜丝显示出高皮肤暴露潜力. 紫外线降解和处理原料纤维增加金属释放,突出了安全需求.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 聚合物工程 聚合物工程
背景情况:
- 聚合物打印技术的进步使得桌面3D打印机的热塑料原料中金属负载 (重量80-90%) 高.
- 原料中的金属颗粒没有化学结合,这引发了人们对迁移和生物利用性的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 研究用于化丝制造 (FFF) 的金属填充热塑性塑料中的金属 (铜,,锡) 的口腔和皮肤暴露途径.
- 评估紫外线气候变化和光纤形式 (原始与打印) 对金属释放的影响.
主要方法:
- 模拟口腔和皮肤暴露测试使用合成汗水和胃肠道液体.
- 在各种条件下,从原始和经过紫外线染的纤维中释放金属的分析.
- 在原始和3D打印的FFF材料之间比较金属释放率.
主要成果:
- 皮肤接触铜和铜丝的风险最高,原因是化物诱导的铜离子释放.
- 和锡作为微米大小的颗粒释放,口服生物可访问性低,但有可能溶解肠道.
- 紫外线降解使金属颗粒的释放率增加了一到两倍.
- 原料纤维通常比印刷形式具有更高的金属释放率.
结论:
- 皮肤接触铜/青铜丝和紫外线降解材料带来了显著的暴露风险.
- 像PLA这样的可生物降解聚合物在金属填充热塑性塑料中的长期适用性需要进一步研究.
- 建议使用手套和洗手等处理预防措施,特别是对于易碎的原料.
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