晚期早产儿的发育轨迹和学业成绩的预测因素
Prachi E Shah1, Julie Poehlmann2, Heidi M Weeks3
1Division of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. prachis@umich.edu.
Pediatric research
|August 25, 2023
概括
晚期早产婴儿 (LPIs) 的发育轨迹有很大的不同. 敏感的家长和幼儿园出席促进学术性,而诸如产前吸烟和男性性别等因素预测学术风险.
科学领域:
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 晚期早产婴儿 (LPIs) 与满期同龄人相比,面临着发育风险.
- 了解从婴儿期到幼儿园的LPI发展轨迹至关重要.
- 在LPIs的学术性和风险的预测因素仍然在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 确定LPIs从婴儿期到幼儿园阅读和数学的发展轨迹.
- 确定LPIs学术弹性和风险的预测因素.
- 在幼儿园之前为LPIs提供预期指导.
主要方法:
- 利用了早期儿童纵向研究中的1200个LPI的数据,出生队列.
- 评估9个月和24个月的发展 (贝利-SFR) 和学术成绩 (阅读/数学) 在学前/幼儿园.
- 采用隐性类增长分析用于轨迹识别和多项逻辑回归用于预测分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了四个阅读和三个数学轨迹组为LPIs.
- 敏感的家长和学前教育出席与最佳的轨迹和学术弹性有关.
- 包括母亲教育,多胎妊娠,产前吸烟和男性性别在内的因素预测了学术风险.
结论:
- LPI的发展轨迹显示出显著的差异.
- 敏感的家长和学龄前入学是学业成功的关键保护因素.
- 通过像产前吸烟和男性性别这样的因素来识别有风险的LPIs,可以实现有针对性的早期干预.
相关概念视频
01:21The Nativist Approach
89
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
89
01:29Environmental Influences on Intelligence
342
Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
342
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
84
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
84
01:30Information Processing Approach
76
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
76
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
144
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
144
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
131
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
131