激烈的身体和心理社会压力对基于反的学习的影响的比较
Xiao Yang1, Brittany Nackley2, Bruce H Friedman2
1Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
Brain sciences
|August 26, 2023
概括
这项研究发现,虽然身体和心理社会压力因素同样影响反处理,但心血管应激反应和情绪价值单独影响学习结果. 这突出了压力调节学习中的独特途径.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 压力显著影响基于反的学习,这一过程对认知功能至关重要,并与衰老和精神健康障碍有关.
- 以前的研究经常将身体和心理社会压力因素互换使用,尽管它们具有不同的生理和心理机制.
- 这些压力类型对反处理的差异性影响在很大程度上仍未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查身体和心理社会压力因素是否对基于反的学习有不同的影响.
- 为了比较冷压力任务 (物理压力) 和心理算术任务 (心理社会压力) 对学习结果的影响.
- 检查心血管应激反应和情绪价值在压力调节学习中的作用.
主要方法:
- 96名年轻人接受了冷压器任务或心理算术任务.
- 使用心电图和血压测量监测心血管应激活性 (CVR).
- 一个概率学习任务评估了在暴露于压力因素之前和之后的学习结果 (Go和No-go准确性).
主要成果:
- 在冷压机任务和心理算术任务对反处理的整体影响中没有发现显著差异.
- 发现心血管应激反应 (CVR) 影响了围棋准确性 (积极刺激选择).
- 压力因素的情绪价值特别影响了No-go准确性 (避免负面刺激).
结论:
- 基于压力调节的反学习通过多条路径运行,受到生理和心理压力特征的影响.
- 心血管应激反应与奖励灵敏度有关,影响积极结果的学习.
- 这些发现为人类行为系统提供了有价值的见解,对理解认知衰退和精神障碍有潜在的临床影响.
相关概念视频
Psychological Responses to Stress
74
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
74
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle
142
Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
142
Physiological Foundation of Stress
83
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
83
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
287
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
Primary Appraisal:...
287
Components of Stress
242
Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
242
Effects of feedback
600
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
600


