治疗精神分裂症的新型化合物 - - 选择性审查
Evangelia Maria Tsapakis1, Kalliopi Diakaki2, Apostolos Miliaras2
13rd Department of Academic Psychiatry, AHEPA General Hospital, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Brain sciences
|August 26, 2023
概括
对精神分裂症的新型药理疗法正在出现,解决目前治疗方法的局限性. 研究继续探索新的药物,以提高负面和认知症状的疗效,并减少不良影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理药理学 心理药理学
- 临床精神病学 临床精神病学
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症是一种慢性神经精神疾病,对日常功能有重大影响.
- 目前的治疗方法结合了药理学药物和心理干预措施,但面临着诸如不响应,对负面/认知症状的有效性有限以及不良影响等挑战.
- 开发用于精神分裂症的新药仍然是心理药理学中的一个关键挑战.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于精神分裂症病因发生的当前知识.
- 介绍最近批准和新发现的药理学物质用于精神分裂症治疗.
- 突出进一步研究新型治疗点和干预措施的需要.
主要方法:
- 对精神分裂症的选择性文献综述 aetiopathogenesis.
- 鉴定和讨论新的药理学药剂用于精神分裂症.
- 对FDA批准的药物和临床试验中的药物的分析.
主要成果:
- 审查了10种用于精神分裂症的新药.
- 美国食品和药物管理局批准了三种药物 (奥兰扎宾/萨米多芬,卢马特佩龙,皮马万塞林).
- 七种药物 (布里拉罗基沙辛,Xanomeline/Trospium,Emraclidine,Ulotaront,酸,Luvadaxistat,Iclepertin) 正在进行临床研究.
结论:
- 新型药理学药剂在治疗精神分裂症方面表现有前途.
- 进一步的研究是必要的,以提高对精神分裂症神经生物学的理解,并确定新的治疗点.
- 未来的干预措施旨在提高负面和认知症状的疗效,并尽量减少与多巴胺阻塞相关的不良影响.
相关概念视频
01:28Drug Therapy
68
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
68
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
165
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
165
01:23Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents
272
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
272
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
327
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
327
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
743
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
743
01:21Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents
246
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
246