工作记忆在幼儿园和一年级早期识字和算术技能中的作用
Marina Shvartsman1, Shelley Shaul1
1Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Department of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2023
概括
工作记忆支持学习,复杂的工作记忆 (WM) 对一年级学生的数学和语言技能至关重要. 简单的WM是早期数学的关键,而复杂的WM则有助于幼儿园儿童的早期识字.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 工作记忆 (WM) 支持学习,包括技能获取和信息处理.
- 现有的研究将WM与早期的识字和算术以及以后的学术技能联系起来,但特定组件的贡献仍然不清楚.
- 了解简单和复杂的WM的不同作用对于教育干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同工作记忆系统 (简单的WM,复杂的WM) 与早期识字和算术技能之间的独特关系.
- 区分简单和复杂的WM对幼儿园和一年级儿童语言和数学能力的贡献.
- 为了澄清这些认知组件如何与早期学龄段的学术技能发展相互作用.
主要方法:
- 进行了一系列评估测试,测量简单和复杂的工作记忆能力.
- 利用各种任务来评估早期的识字,早期的算术,语言和数学技能.
- 收集了250名幼儿园和150名一年级学生的数据,分析了记忆组件和学术技能之间的相互关系.
主要成果:
- 在两个年龄组中,证实了所有工作记忆组件和语言和数学知识之间的显著关联.
- 发现差异关系,复杂的工作记忆在一年级对数学和语言的贡献更强大,更显著.
- 观察到复杂的WM对幼儿园早期的识字能力更为重要,而简单的WM则对早期的算术能力更为重要.
结论:
- 工作记忆的组件在小学早期对学术技能有不同的贡献.
- 复杂的工作记忆在各个领域中对年龄较大的儿童 (一年级) 的学业成绩起着更重要的作用.
- 简单和复杂的工作记忆在基础识字和数学的发展中具有不同的,年龄相关的角色,为有针对性的教育策略提供了洞察力.
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