新的治疗地平线在Uveal和皮肤黑色素瘤
Daciana Elena Brănişteanu1,2, Elena Porumb-Andrese1,2, Vlad Porumb3,4
1Department of Medical Specialties (III)-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 26, 2023
概括
本综述详细介绍了皮肤黑色素瘤 (CM) 和皮膜黑色素瘤 (UM) 之间的分子和遗传差异,强调针对性治疗,如瘤病毒和免疫疗法,以改善治疗结果.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 黑色素瘤包括皮肤 (CM) 和皮膜 (UM) 亚型,具有复杂的遗传特征和治疗障碍.
- 最近的进展已经阐明了独特的分子特征和推动CM和UM瘤发生的遗传变化.
研究的目的:
- 审查CM和UM的分子特征和遗传变化.
- 突出特定亚型模型系统对于向治疗开发的重要性.
- 探索新兴的治疗策略,包括瘤病毒和免疫疗法.
主要方法:
- 审查当前关于黑色素瘤遗传学,分子生物学和治疗进展的文献.
- 对遗传突变 (例如,CM中的MAPK通路;UM中的GNAQ,GNA11,BAP1) 和染色体异常 (例如,UM中的单体3,CM中的单体10) 的分析.
- 检查免疫细胞透差异及其预后影响.
主要成果:
- CM是由MAPK路径突变驱动的,而UM在GNAQ,GNA11,BAP1,EIF1AX和SF3B1.1中具有突变.
- 染色体异常如单体3 (UM) 和单体10 (CM) 在瘤发生过程中至关重要.
- 瘤性病毒 (例如T-VEC) 和免疫疗法显示出有前途,正在探索组合策略.
结论:
- 了解CM和UM的独特分子格局对于开发有效的向疗法至关重要.
- 瘤病毒和免疫疗法为黑色素瘤治疗提供了有前途的途径,特别是在组合方法中.
- 基于特定黑色素瘤亚型的定制治疗策略对于改善患者的治疗结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
Skin Cancer
4.2K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
4.2K
Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.3K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.3K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.7K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.7K
Tumor Immunotherapy
556
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
556
Cancer Vaccines
400
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
400
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
477
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
477


