饮食模式和非传染性疾病的流行率在PURE波兰研究参与者中
Dorota Różańska1, Krzysztof Kujawa2, Andrzej Szuba3
1Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
富含水果和蔬菜的健康饮食模式与较低的非传染性疾病率有关. 相反,高肉和低农产品饮食与心血管疾病和肥胖风险增加有关.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 非传染性疾病 (NCD) 构成了全球健康的重大负担.
- 饮食模式被认为是NCDs的关键可修改的风险因素.
- 了解区域饮食习惯及其健康关联对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同饮食模式 (DP) 与波兰下斯列西亚非传染性疾病的流行之间的联系.
- 确定有助于保护或有害健康结果的特定食品成分.
- 为促进更健康的饮食选择的公共卫生战略提供证据.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及2023名来自弗洛茨瓦夫和周边村庄的成年人 (35-70岁) 的横截面研究.
- 用标准化食物频率问卷评估的饮食摄入量.
- 通过主要成分分析 (PCA) 识别的饮食模式,使用 varimax 轮换,导致"健康"",不健康"和"传统"模式.
主要成果:
- 在水果,蔬菜,种子,坚果和未加工谷物中丰富的"健康"DP,与较低的高血压,糖尿病,禁食葡萄糖 (IFG) 损害和内脏肥胖的患病率有有益关联.
- "不健康"的DP与IFG患病率的增加有关,尽管高血压患病率下降.
- 坚持"传统"的DP与较高的总心血管疾病 (CVD),糖尿病,IFG,内脏肥胖,一般肥胖和超重的患病率相关.
- 富含肉制品,低含水果/蔬菜的DP与更高的心血管疾病,糖尿病,IFG,过重体重和内脏肥胖的患病率有关.
结论:
- 饮食模式显著影响研究波兰人口中主要非传染性疾病的流行率.
- 促进富含植物性食物的"健康"饮食模式,可能会减少非传染性疾病的负担.
- 公共卫生倡议应考虑根据已识别的区域饮食模式及其相关健康风险量身定制饮食建议.
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