2007年至2019年巴西肺炎球菌和细菌性脑膜炎的趋势
Cintia Irene Parellada1, Ariane de Jesus Lopes de Abreu2, Marina G Birck2
1MSD Brazil, São Paulo 04583-110, Brazil.
Vaccines
|August 26, 2023
概括
肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 减少了巴西儿童脑膜炎,但在成人中增加了脑膜炎. 建议扩大对老年人的疫苗接种,以减少疾病负担.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 于2010年在巴西的儿童计划中实施.
- 对于老年人来说,通用肺炎球菌疫苗接种仍然没有得到解决.
- 肺炎链球菌是细菌性脑膜炎的主要原因,特别是在成年人中.
研究的目的:
- 分析2007年至2019年巴西所有年龄组肺炎球菌脑膜炎发病率和病例死亡率 (CFR) 的趋势.
- 为了比较PCV前期和PCV后期,以评估疫苗接种的影响.
- 检查总体细菌性脑膜炎的趋势,以将肺炎球菌性脑膜炎数据置于背景.
主要方法:
- 利用来自巴西国家细菌和肺炎球菌脑膜炎病例 (2007-2019) 监测系统的数据.
- 在PCV前 (2007-2009) 和PCV后 (2011-2019) 期间分析发病率和CFR变化.
- 进行了细菌性脑膜炎模式和趋势的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在13年的时间里,记录了81,203例细菌性脑膜炎和13,837例肺炎球菌性脑膜炎病例.
- 在PCV引入后,儿童肺炎球菌脑膜炎发病率下降了56.5%.
- 成年人显示肺炎球菌脑膜炎发病率呈上升趋势,而CFR在大多数年龄组保持稳定.
结论:
- 在巴西儿童中,PCV显著减少了肺炎球菌脑膜炎.
- 成年人患病率的增加表明需要扩大疫苗接种策略.
- 建议包括将PCV扩展到老年人中,并使用增强间接保护的疫苗.
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