在odontocetes的头骨不对称性:声波探索的促进者?
Maíra Laeta1, João A Oliveira1, Salvatore Siciliano2
1Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20941-160 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Zoology (Jena, Germany)
|August 26, 2023
概括
有牙的鱼 (odontocetes) 头骨不对称有助于回声定位. 更大,更不对称的鱼发出更响亮的声纳信号,增强深海的食和猎物检测.
科学领域:
- 动物学 动物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 定向的头骨不对称性是普通的odontocetes,主要与回声定位的声音生产.
- 了解不同物种骨不对称的变化对于进化和功能洞察至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究不同类型的牙虫物种的头骨不对称性 (形状和大小) 的变化.
- 为了识别骨科细胞中骨不对称的遗传信号和生态相关物.
主要方法:
- 利用二维几何形态测量对所有十个家族的72种虫虫物种.
- 应用二次变换节和家族遗传学概括最小平方分析.
- 采用了通用线性模型,将不对称性与诸如点击源级别和头骨大小等生态因素联系起来.
主要成果:
- 观察到一贯的平均不对称形状的模式在整个odontocetes,与特定的头骨元素显示方向移位.
- 在不对称的形状变化中检测到显著的遗传学信号.
- 不对称的幅度有很大差异,像Kogiidae和Monodontidae这样的家族显示最高水平.
- 不对称的大小与点击源水平和头骨大小正相关,特别是在海洋种群中.
结论:
- 的不对称性在odontocetes是基因学影响和相关的功能适应寻找食物.
- 具有更高点击源水平的较大的虫类物种表现出更大的骨不对称性,支持深水食.
- 头骨不对称性促进了增强的生物声纳能力,增加了搜索范围和食效率,超出了简单的家族遗传预测.
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