从GAVI援助过渡后评估国家表现:一种应用合成控制分析
Robert John Kolesar1,2, Rok Spruk3, Tsheten Tsheten4,5
1Palladium, Washington, DC, USA.
Global health, science and practice
|August 28, 2023
概括
在Gavi,疫苗联盟 (Gavi) 的支持结束后,各国表现不同. 一些国家保持了高的疫苗接种覆盖率,而另一些国家则出现了下降,这凸显了适应性过渡战略的必要性.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 国际卫生发展援助正在下降,需要评估捐赠者退出后的长期影响.
- 由于COVID-19对公共预算造成了压力,可持续卫生计划的重要性增加了.
- 对未来的发展战略来说,评估国家援助后的绩效至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估国家在从Gavi支持转型后的疫苗接种覆盖率和新生儿后死亡率方面的表现.
- 分析2000年至2018年期间不再获得Gavi援助的国家的健康结果的可持续性.
主要方法:
- 使用了合成控制方法与来自Gavi支持国家 (2000-2020) 的数据.
- 构建反事实来预测在没有Gavi协助的情况下的结果.
- 评估疫苗接种覆盖率和产后死亡率.
主要成果:
- 在Gavi过渡后的国家表现中观察到显著的异质性.
- 中国,圭亚那和土库曼斯坦的疫苗接种覆盖率超过预期;阿尔巴尼亚,不丹,中国,圭亚那和土库曼斯坦的疫苗接种率保持在90%以上.
- 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和乌克兰显示显著下降;COVID-19影响了几个国家的2020年覆盖率.
结论:
- 加维的过渡模式应包括对风险和外部效应的系统评估.
- 毕业的国家可以从技术援助和实践社区中受益,以相互支持.
- 过渡后的评估应利用毕业国家的交叉学习经验.
相关概念视频
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
147
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
147
01:03Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact
183
Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
183
01:20Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
222
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
222
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
349
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
349
01:25Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
408
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
408
01:01Production Efficiency
16.9K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
16.9K