电动汽车电池的生命周期评估和碳减排潜力的预测
Wenqi Wu1, Nan Cong2, Xueli Zhang2
1School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585 Singapore, Singapore.
电动汽车 (EV) 电池的生产阶段对环境的影响最大. 循环利用方法,如水电金,显著减少碳排放,未来的电力混合进一步降低生产影响.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能
背景情况:
- 电动汽车 (EV) 对可持续运输至关重要,但其电池的环境足迹需要进行彻底评估.
- 目前缺乏对电动汽车电池整个生命周期环境影响的全面了解,特别是在中国.
研究的目的:
- 为中国的电动汽车电池建立一个摇篮到摇篮生命周期评估 (LCA) 框架.
- 量化电池生产,使用和回收/处置各个阶段对环境的影响.
- 估计回收和二次利用的碳减排潜力,考虑到未来的电力混合.
主要方法:
- 生命周期评估 (LCA) 框架从摇篮到摇篮应用.
- 分析电池生产,使用和使用寿命结束阶段对环境的影响.
- 通过回收和二次利用在预计的未来电力组合下估计碳减排潜力.
主要成果:
- 电池生产是对环境影响最大的阶段,排放量为105千克CO2-eq/kWh.
- 在回收过程中,水金属业提供了最高的碳排放减少率 (13.3 kgCO2-eq/kWh),其次是联合水合金业 (8.11 kgCO2-eq/kWh) 和金业 (0.57 kgCO2-eq/kWh).
- 在回收过程中使用级联利用可以减少1.536kgCO2-eq/kWh的排放.
- 未来的2030年,2040年和2050年的电力组合可以分别减少电池生产碳排放量约31.9%,45%和48.1%.
结论:
- 电动汽车电池的生产阶段是最重要的环境挑战.
- 回收,特别是水电金和级联利用,提供了大幅度的碳排放减少潜力.
- 过渡到更清洁的电网将进一步增强电动汽车电池生产和回收利用的环境效益.
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