为什么健康改善政策如此难以实现?
Paul Cairney1, Emily St Denny2, John Boswell3
1Division of History, Heritage, and Policy, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, UK.
Open research Europe
|August 30, 2023
概括
政府努力实施卫生政策是因为系统性问题,而不仅仅是政治意愿. 缺乏清晰度,一致性和能力会破坏预防策略和改善健康的举措.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
背景情况:
- 政府的目标是改善人口健康和减少健康不平等,但政策意图和结果之间存在很大的差距.
- 公共卫生研究中的持续挑战质疑这种持续差距的原因以及如何解决它.
- 最近的事件,如COVID-19大流行,强调了不平等的健康影响和预防性健康的必要性作为政策核心.
研究的目的:
- 通过政治学和政策研究,分析卫生政策声明与结果之间的差距.
- 确定破坏预防政策的系统因素,所有政策中的健康 (HiAP) 实施和健康改善策略.
- 解释为什么预防性健康倡议面临挑战,无论领导层或政治意愿.
主要方法:
- 基于政治学和政策研究的定性分析.
- 检查影响广泛预防目标的因素,具体的健康改善策略 (如HiAP) 和应对新事件 (如COVID-19) 的反应.
- 关注政策失败的系统性解释,而不是基于个人领导的解释.
主要成果:
- 在预防政策中,言辞上的承诺和实质性的行动之间存在着持续的差距.
- 所有政策中的健康 (HiAP) 的实施面临着持续的挑战.
- 在COVID-19期间的健康保护措施倾向于掩盖更广泛的健康改善目标.
- 破坏健康改善政策的系统因素包括缺乏清晰度,一致性和能力.
结论:
- 持续存在的卫生政策成果差距源于系统性问题,而不是缺乏政治意愿.
- 有效改善健康需要解决预防定义缺乏明确性,议程与政府行动之间的一致性,以及政策变革的能力.
- 了解这些系统因素对于缩小卫生政策目标与实际结果之间的差距至关重要.
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