"更有效"并不一定是"更好":当影响个人行为时,一些伦理考虑
1Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK rebecca.brown@philosophy.ox.ac.uk; https://www.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/people/dr-rebecca-brown.
The Behavioral and brain sciences
|August 30, 2023
概括
查特和洛文斯坦主张将行为研究重点放在情境 (s-) 干预上,而不是个人 (i-) 干预. 这篇评论提出了重要的伦理和概念问题,涉及到在通过这项改革之前的有效性和不同价值权重.
科学领域:
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 制定政策 制定政策
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 当前的行为研究和政策往往侧重于个人 (i-) 干预.
- 情境干预提供了一个潜在的更有效的行为改变替代方案.
- 转向s-干预需要仔细考虑基础原则.
研究的目的:
- 在行为研究和政策中,批判性地评估优先考虑情境 (s) 干预措施而不是个人 (i) 干预措施的概念和伦理影响.
- 在广泛采用s干预策略之前,确定需要解决的关键问题.
- 探索定义和衡量干预效果的复杂性.
主要方法:
- 对现有关于行为干预的文献进行概念分析.
- 对研究和政策重点提出的转变进行道德审查.
- 在行为科学中讨论"有效性"的不同概念.
主要成果:
- 强调需要定义"有效性",而不仅仅是简单的结果措施.
- 识别各种各样的个体价值体系的会计挑战.
- 引发了人们对S-干预方法潜在的伦理权衡的担忧.
结论:
- 在改革行为研究和政策到S干预之前,需要进一步的审议来解决概念和伦理方面的挑战.
- 对有效性和个体价值差异的细微了解对于成功实施至关重要.
- 拟议的转变需要重新评估行为科学和政策制定当前的做法.
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