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相关概念视频

Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

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Overview
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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相关实验视频

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Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
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染色体计数数据库 (CCDB) 的数据库.

Anna Rice1, Itay Mayrose2

  • 1School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

染色体计数数据库 (CCDB) 集中了植物染色体数量数据,帮助了植物遗传学和基因组学研究. 这个统一的资源通过将分散的信息编译成可搜索的格式来促进研究.

关键词:
染色体计数是指染色体的计数.染色体数是指染色体的数量数据库数据库数据库是一个数据库.扩散性失调症 (dysploidy) 是一种失调症.内部特定变化的变化.多重积分症是一种多重积分症.

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科学领域:

  • 植物学 植物学
  • 细胞遗传学 细胞遗传学
  • 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

  • 染色体数量是植物生物学中至关重要的细胞学特征,作为基因组学标记和基因组事件的指标,如多倍体和失倍体.
  • 广泛的染色体数数据存在于整个植物王国,但通常是分散在各种资源,使全面的数据检索具有挑战性.
  • 染色体计数数据库 (CCDB) 于2015年建立,以解决数据可访问性问题.

研究的目的:

  • 创建一个统一的,在线的,社区驱动的植物染色体计数资源.
  • 将分散的和以前数字化的数据整合到一个可搜索的数据库中.
  • 为了促进大规模分析植物进化和化水平.

主要方法:

  • 来自数十个不同来源的染色体计数数据的汇编.
  • 数字化以前没有或无法搜索的数据.
  • 开发一个在线可搜索平台 (CCDB).

主要成果:

  • CCDB成功地整合了来自众多来源的大量染色体计数数据.
  • 在CCDB中,很大一部分数据以前无法以数字化,可搜索的格式获得.
  • 该数据库已经支持了许多分析,包括植物进化研究和 ploidy 级推断 (例如,使用 chromEvol).

结论:

  • CCDB是植物染色体数信息的重要,集中资源.
  • 该数据库促进数据共享,并预计将随着持续的研究而增长.
  • CCDB显著提高了研究植物进化史和基因组变化的能力.