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相关概念视频

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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The margin of error is also called the maximum error of an estimate. The margin of error is the maximum possible or expected difference between the observed sample parameter value and the actual population parameter value. For proportion, it is the maximum difference between the value of sample proportion obtained from the data and the true value of population proportion. As the true value of the population parameter is not known, the margin of error is calculated using the sample statistic.
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Hazard Rate01:11

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The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
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A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
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The z and the Student t distribution estimate the population mean using the sample mean and standard deviation. However, to decide which distribution to use for a calculation, one needs to determine the sample size, the nature of the distribution, and whether the population standard deviation is known. If the population standard deviation is known and the population is normally distributed, or if the sample size is greater than 30, the z distribution is preferred. The Student t distribution is...
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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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基于离散选择实验和概率值技术的最大可接受风险估计.

Jorien Veldwijk1,2,3, Rachael Lynn DiSantostefano4, Ellen Janssen4

  • 1School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. veldwijk@eshpm.eur.nl.

The patient
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
概括

离散选择实验 (DCE) 和概率值技术 (PTT) 显示严重副作用的最大可接受风险估计重叠,但轻微副作用的风险估计不同. DCE任务被评为更容易理解,这表明它适合复杂的风险评估.

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科学领域:

  • 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
  • 风险感知 风险感知

背景情况:

  • 估计最大可接受风险对于医疗保健中的知情决策至关重要.
  • 离散选择实验 (DCE) 和概率值技术 (PTT) 是用来引起这些风险偏好的方法.
  • 需要对这些方法进行实证比较,以了解它们相对的优缺点.

研究的目的:

  • 实证地比较从DCE和PTT中得出的最大可接受风险估计.
  • 评估与每个方法相关的感知复杂性和偏好异质性.

主要方法:

  • 一个英国大众样本 (n=982) 完成了使用DCE和PTT组件的在线调查.
  • DCE采用贝叶斯D效率设计,每个块有6个属性和15个选择任务.
  • PTT使用了相同的风险和收益属性;分别采用了面板混合逻辑和间隔回归模型.

主要成果:

  • 对最大可接受风险的置信区间重叠严重的感染和严重的副作用,但不是轻微的副作用.
  • 受访者发现DCE任务比PTT任务更容易理解 (差异为7个百分点,p <0.05).
  • 轻度副作用的最大可接受风险在PTT时明显较低.

结论:

  • 对于严重的不良事件,DCE和PTT提供了可比的风险估计,但对于不那么严重的不良事件可能有所不同.
  • 由于其易于使用,DCE似乎更适合用于涉及不同严重程度的多个风险属性的研究.
  • PTT可能更适合用于调查风险估计中的异质性或专注于特定的严重不良事件.