大脑网络和青少年的酒精使用
Sarah W Yip1,2, Sarah D Lichenstein1, Qinghao Liang3
1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
JAMA psychiatry
|August 30, 2023
概括
青少年滥用酒精的风险与大脑连接模式有关. 女青少年表现出与奖励和抑制相关的独特模式,而男性仅表现出与抑制相关的模式,为目标干预提供信息.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 成研究 研究成研究
背景情况:
- 青少年滥用酒精是一种严重的公共卫生问题,导致残疾和死亡率.
- 了解潜在的大脑机制对于开发有效的预防和干预策略至关重要.
- 神经发育性差异可能在酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 风险中起作用.
研究的目的:
- 用数据驱动方法识别滥用酒精的神经生物学标志物.
- 为了调查青春期这些神经标志物的潜在性别差异.
- 将大脑功能组织模式与当前和未来的酒精使用风险联系起来.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自1359名青少年 (年龄14-19岁) 的纵向功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 数据.
- 使用数据驱动的全脑连接方法来识别风险网络.
- 酒精使用障碍识别测试 (AUDIT) 的得分被用来衡量酒精使用风险.
- 测试了不同队列和性别的模型通用性.
主要成果:
- 数据驱动的模型确定了与对当前和未来酒精使用风险的脆弱性相关的大脑网络 (未来: ρ=0.22,现在: ρ=0.27).
- 女性特定模型在预测酒精使用风险方面表现出比男性特定模型更高的准确性.
- 针对男性的特定模型显示了域特异性,识别了与抑制控制相关的风险网络,而不是奖励处理.
结论:
- 确定了与青少年饮酒风险相关的新型大脑网络.
- 大脑行为关系的性别特异性突出显示了针对性干预措施的必要性.
- 针对抑制控制的干预措施可能有利于男性青少年,而抑制和奖励过程对女性来说都很重要.
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