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相关概念视频

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

115
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
115
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

702
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
702
Three-Compartment Open Model01:06

Three-Compartment Open Model

269
The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
269
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

73
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
73
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

858
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
858
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

776
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
776

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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一个关于心脏 perfusion 的综合数学模型.

Alberto Zingaro1,2, Christian Vergara3, Luca Dede'4

  • 1MOX, Laboratory of Modeling and Scientific Computing, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy. alberto.zingaro@polimi.it.

Scientific reports
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了一种新的计算模型,整合了心脏电生理学,力学和血液动力学,以模拟心肌血 perfusion. 该模型准确地预测了冠状动脉流动,并揭示了大动脉反的减少 perfusion.

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科学领域:

  • 计算建模计算建模
  • 多物理模拟模型
  • 心脏生理学 心脏生理学

背景情况:

  • 精确模拟心肌血 perfusion 对于理解心脏功能和疾病至关重要.
  • 现有的模型往往缺乏整合多尺度和多物理现象.
  • 需要一个全面的框架来将心脏力学和血液动力学与 perfusion 联系起来.

研究的目的:

  • 介绍一种新的,集成的数学模型来模拟心肌血 perfusion.
  • 结合多尺度和多物理特征,包括电生理学,力学,血液动力学,以及多隔间的达西模型.
  • 为研究心脏输液提供统一的计算框架.

主要方法:

  • 开发左心脏完全合的电机模型.
  • 与完全合的纳维尔-斯托克斯-达西模型的整合,用于双心室肌肉 perfusion.
  • 使用详细的心脏几何学,包括心上冠状动脉和心肌.

主要成果:

  • 在模拟心脏 perfusion 使用现实的几何学模型中证明了模型的生物物理忠实性.
  • 根据临床文献验证的in-silico冠状动脉流量率和心肌血流量.
  • 量化了心肌输液减少的数量,这是由于在腹痛期间的大动脉吐引起的.

结论:

  • 开发的模型代表了电力学,血液动力学和 perfusion 的第一个综合框架.
  • 该模型为研究心脏 perfusion 动态和膜疾病的影响提供了可靠的工具.
  • 这种方法提高了我们对控制心肌血液供应的复杂相互作用的理解.