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对两种线虫物种的研究表明,气候变化将对作物造成更大的破坏

Churamani Khanal¹, Julian Land²

¹Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA. ckhanal@clemson.edu.

Scientific reports

|August 30, 2023

概括

气候变化通过增加土壤温度,影响植物寄生性线虫来影响粮食安全. 较高的土壤温度减少了线虫的繁殖,但增加了它们的毒性,可能导致更大的作物损失.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
遗体学遗体学是一个学科.
气候变化生物学气候变化生物学

背景情况:

气候变化威胁到粮食安全,特别是土壤温度上升影响作物生产率.
植物寄生性线虫是重要的农业害虫,但它们对土壤温度变化的反应尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

研究土壤温度升高对两个关键线虫物种*Rotylenchulus reniformis*和*Meloidogyne floridensis*的生存,繁殖,毒性和疾病严重性的影响.
提供气候变化对植物寄生虫线虫生物学的影响的定量证据.

主要方法:

直接暴露于热量:虫暴露在32,33和34°C的热水中7小时,在18小时后评估生存率.
间接热暴露:每天使用热将土壤温度提高到32,33和34°C,每天使用热7小时,在6周内对线虫繁殖,毒性和疾病严重程度进行评估.

主要成果:

直接暴露于34°C增加了R. reniformis*生存率10%但减少了M. floridensis*生存率12% (相对于32°C).
土壤温度从32°C上升到34°C,使得R. reniformis和M. floridensis的繁殖分别减少了49%和53%.
*R. reniformis*在33-34°C时表现出增强的毒性,而 *M. floridensis*的毒性似乎下降了,尽管在更高的温度下增加了根黄.

结论:

土壤温度升高可能会减少线虫的繁殖,但会增加它们的毒性,可能会加剧作物损失.
与M. floridensis相比,R. reniformis表现出更大的适应土壤温度上升的能力.
这项研究量化了气候变化引起的土壤变暖对植物寄生虫线虫生物学的影响,突出了农业生产的风险.

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