随机对照试验的评估:精神健康研究人员的入门和教程
Mathias Harrer1,2, Pim Cuijpers3,4, Lea K J Schuurmans5
1Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60-62, Munich, 80992, Germany. mathias.harrer@tum.de.
Trials
|August 30, 2023
概括
本书通过详细介绍评估和分析的最佳实践,提高了心理健康研究中的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的质量. 它旨在提高RCT研究结果对患者护理的稳定性和影响.
科学领域:
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 临床试验方法论 临床试验方法论
- 统计分析 统计分析
背景情况:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 对基于证据的心理健康护理至关重要.
- 心理健康RCT的质量不佳的评估,包括数据处理和报告,威胁到研究的稳定性.
- 需要更好地了解高质量的RCT评估,以加强心理健康研究.
研究的目的:
- 介绍心理健康研究中评估临床试验的核心概念和最佳实践.
- 通过使用开源统计软件来证明这些最佳实践的实施.
- 解决常见的陷,提高这一领域的RCT的质量.
主要方法:
- 利用Rubin的潜在结果框架来解释RCT中的因果关系.
- 讨论缺少数据的影响,并引入试验估计值以进行一致的分析.
- 提供一个合适的分析模型来测试治疗效果,并提供使用R软件的教程.
主要成果:
- 通过确保潜在结果的可交换性,RCT促进因果推断.
- 如果失踪数据是系统的,失踪数据可能会损害有效性;试验估计将分析与研究目标对齐.
- 描述了用于测试治疗效果的分析模型,并使用R和现实世界的数据进行了实践教程.
结论:
- 试验室试验室的设计缺陷,如缺乏潜在的注册和忠诚偏见,可能会影响心理健康研究.
- 盲目的挑战,不足的试验和有选择性的报道被讨论为"弱点".
- 此外,还研究了RCT的外部有效性及其在个性化心理健康护理中的作用.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:11Blinding
2.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.5K
01:13Randomized Experiments
7.0K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
7.0K
01:16Clinical Trials
6.8K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.8K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
147
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
147
01:12Hazard Ratio
155
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
For example, in a clinical trial...
155
01:52Regression Toward the Mean
6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K