在食品中对欧毒素A的风险评估
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
|August 31, 2023
概括
食品中的Ochratoxin A (OTA) 存在可能的健康问题,特别是对于年轻消费者和婴儿来说,由于潜在的毒性和致癌性. 风险差额 (MOE) 方法表明可能存在风险,特别是如果OTA.
科学领域:
- 食品安全和毒理学
- 毒素分析 毒素分析
- 食品污染物的风险评估
背景情况:
- 毒素A (OTA) 是由真菌产生的菌毒素,存在于各种食物中,已知会导致动物的毒性和瘤.
- 最近的研究引入了关于OTA脏致癌作用模式的不确定性.
- 欧洲食品安全局 (EFSA) 被要求更新其2006年关于食品中OTA的意见.
研究的目的:
- 更新了2006年关于食品中的Ochratoxin A (OTA) 的意见.
- 评估各种消费者群体 (包括婴儿) 中与OTA暴露相关的健康风险.
- 由于OTA的行动方式存在不确定性,应采用风险差额 (MOE) 方法.
主要方法:
- 采用基准剂量较低的置信限值 (BMDL 10) 方法,用于非新生病 (猪的病变) 和新生病 (老鼠的瘤) 影响.
- 估计在不同消费者群体和年龄范围内通过饮食对OTA的慢性暴露.
- 通过将估计的OTA暴露与衍生BMDL10值进行比较来计算MOE值.
主要成果:
- BMDL 10 的值为4.73μg/kg bw/day 在非瘤效应方面,为14.5μg/kg bw/day 在瘤效应方面.
- 估计的平均和第95百分点的慢性饮食暴露分别在0.6~17.8和2.4~51.7 ng/kg bw/day之间.
- 对于大多数消费者来说,MOE>200 (低关注),但对于年轻年龄组的高消费者来说 (可能关注) 较低. 与瘤终点 (如果基因毒性是直接的,可能会引起关注) 相比,几乎所有情景的MOE都低于10,000.
结论:
- 基于健康的指导值 (HBGV) 被认为是不合适的,因为OTA的行动方式不确定.
- MOE的方法表明,特定消费者群体可能存在健康问题,特别是年龄较小的高消费者和婴儿,这取决于OTA的基因毒性机制.
- 在评估中存在很高的不确定性,估计的风险可能被高估.
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