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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

4.9K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
4.9K
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

3.8K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
3.8K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

8.2K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
8.2K
Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

801
Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
801
PID Controller01:19

PID Controller

142
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in various control systems to enhance stability and performance. In a thermostat, it adjusts heating or cooling based on the temperature difference between the actual and desired levels. They are often used in automotive speed systems, effectively managing sudden speed changes while maintaining a constant speed under varying conditions. On the other hand, PI controllers, commonly employed in voltage regulation, enhance stability...
142

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications
09:08

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications

Published on: August 30, 2018

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基于Arduino开源的自动标题器

Teresa Del Castillo-Santaella1,2, Julia Maldonado-Valderrama1,3, Miguel Angel Fernandez-Rodriguez1,3

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.

HardwareX
|August 31, 2023
PubMed
概括

我们开发了一个低成本的,开源的自动定位器,使用基于Arduino的. 这个价格实惠的设备准确地测量溶液中的酸性或性组,通过分析橄油脂解来证明这一点.

关键词:
对于Arduino来说,这是一个很大的问题.自动定位定位器 自动定位器一个pH值测量仪.

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Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
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Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications
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Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
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Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
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科学领域:

  • 分析化学 分析化学
  • 开源硬件 开源硬件

背景情况:

  • 酸定位对于量化溶液中的酸基组至关重要.
  • 自动定位系统提供了更高的精度和效率.
  • 现有的商业自动定位器可能价格过高.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证一个低成本的,开源的自动定位器.
  • 在定量分析中证明设备的实用性.
  • 为商业系统提供可定制和负担得起的替代方案.

主要方法:

  • 对基于Arduino的开源 (OSPump) 进行修改,使其作为自动定位器起作用.
  • 与Metrohm 713 pH仪集成,用于pH监测.
  • 验证使用两个案例研究,包括橄油脂解分析.

主要成果:

  • 该OSPump标称器已成功开发为一个功能性的自动标称系统.
  • 该设备实现了准确的定量分析,通过脂解研究验证.
  • 该OSPump标称器的成本大约是比可比的二手商用单元低50倍.

结论:

  • 该OSPump标称器提供了一个成本效益和可定制的解决方案,用于自动化酸标称.
  • 这种开源方法使得对自动化分析仪器的访问更加民主化.
  • 该设备适用于各种定量分析,包括复杂的乳液研究.