相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

戴达拉:一个巨大的吉普赛LTR逆转移子系在春尾Allacma fusca基因组中

Kenji K Kojima¹

¹Genetic Information Research Institute, Cupertino, California, USA.

Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms

|August 31, 2023

概括

一种新型的巨大的长终端重复 (LTR) 逆转移体,名为Daidara,已在春尾基因组中被发现. 这些元素在长度上与已知的大型逆转移体竞争,但具有独特的结构特征.

科学领域:

基因组学就是基因组学.
分子进化分子进化
生物信息学是一种生物信息学.

背景情况:

长终端重复 (LTR) 逆转移体对各种物种的基因组大小扩展有显著的贡献.
虽然LTR逆转子可以很大,但与DNA转子相比,它们的长度通常是有限的.
迄今为止已知最长的LTR逆转移子Burro-1的测量大约为35.7kb.

研究的目的:

为了识别和表征新的巨型LTR逆转移体.
研究新发现的LTR逆转移子的进化动态和结构特征.

主要方法:

生物信息学分析Allacma fusca的基因组.
对LTR逆转移子结构和长度进行比较分析.
复原转移子系的遗传学分析.

主要成果:

发现了一个巨大的LTR逆转移体的新血统,名为Daidara,在弹尾 Allacma fusca.
戴达拉元素的长度在25-33kb之间,相当于Burro家族的长度.
与其他巨型血统比如Burro和Ogre (~5kb) 相比,Daidara拥有较短的LTR (<1.5kb).
戴达拉编码了gag,pol和一个功能不明的额外蛋白质.

结论:

戴达拉代表了一种巨大的LTR逆转移体的新奇血统.
戴达拉的结构特征,特别是它的短LTR,使其与其他大型LTR逆转移体区别开来.
遗传学分析表明,戴达拉的巨大化是独立于伯罗和族的.

关键词:

布罗·布罗罗 (Burro Burro) 是一个叫做布罗罗 (Burro Burro) 的小镇.达达达拉拉是一个大道.吉普赛人吉普赛人吉普赛人吉普赛人在LTR反向转换中.

更多相关视频

Ultralow Input Genome Sequencing Library Preparation from a Single Tardigrade Specimen

Ultralow Input Genome Sequencing Library Preparation from a Single Tardigrade Specimen

Published on: July 15, 2018

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria

Published on: February 2, 2021

相关概念视频

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...

Transposons

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

Retroviruses

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...