与威胁相关的注意力捕捉的指导学习是由状态焦虑调节的
Laurent Grégoire1, Brian A Anderson1
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|August 31, 2023
概括
相信一个刺激是有威胁的,即使没有实际的冲击,也可以创造持久的注意力偏差. 这种偏见在高状态焦虑的个体中更强烈,显示了信念如何塑造威胁感知.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 对与威胁相关的刺激的注意偏差在焦虑症中很常见.
- 以前的研究往往涉及直接的负面经历来创造这些偏见.
- 在建立与威胁相关的注意力捕获方面,教学学习的作用是不太了解的.
研究的目的:
- 调查单独的口头指令是否可以诱导与威胁相关的持续注意力捕获.
- 检查状态焦虑对通过教学学习形成的注意偏差的影响.
- 要确定关于潜在威胁的错误信念是否足以产生持久的注意偏差.
主要方法:
- 54名非临床成年人参与了视觉搜索任务.
- 参与者接受了口头指示,一个目标颜色 (红色或绿色圆圈) 可能会与冲击配对,尽管没有发生冲击.
- 随后的测试阶段评估了注意力偏差,使用以前与威胁相关的刺激作为分散注意力的因素,即使参与者被告知冲击是不可能的.
主要成果:
- 在与威胁相关的注意力优先级和状态焦虑之间发现了显著的相关性.
- 尽管没有实际的冲击暴露,但参与者表现出对先前被指导为潜在威胁的刺激的持续关注偏差.
- 这种注意偏差的强度是由个体的焦虑状态水平调节的.
结论:
- 通过指令获得的关于潜在威胁的信念,足以产生持久的注意偏差.
- 状态焦虑在调节这些指令诱导的注意偏差方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 研究结果表明,对于焦虑的人来说,注意力偏差可能源于对刺激-结果关联的不准确信念.
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