急性中风后吞功能障碍:发生率,预测因素和结果
Charulata Londhe1, Aashish Agrawal2, Sangeeta Pednekar3
1Associate Professor; Corresponding Author.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|August 31, 2023
概括
吞功能障碍或吞障碍在急性中风后很常见,最初影响了42%的患者. 然而,经过8周,消化不良明显改善,突出显示了早期查和支持的必要性.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 语音和语言病理学 语言病理学
背景情况:
- 吞功能障碍 (吞障碍) 是急性中风后的常见并发症.
- 缺食症增加了吸入性肺炎和营养不良的风险,影响了患者的康复.
- 早期识别和管理中风后的消化障碍对于改善结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定一次性急性中风后有意识的患者中缺食症的发生率.
- 为了确定导致患者患上中风后食障碍的因素.
- 在8周的时间内评估食障碍的自然过程.
主要方法:
- 一项前性观察性研究,包括150名有意识的急性中风患者 (GCS ≥12) 在发病后48小时内.
- 使用Gugging吞屏幕 (GUSS) 进行食障碍查,并使用曼恩吞能力评估 (MASA) 尺度进行详细评估.
- 在7天和8周后进行后续重新评估,以追踪缺食症的存在和严重程度.
主要成果:
- 发病率是42%的,在7天后降至24%,在8周后降至9%.
- 在8周的时间里,中度和重度的消化障碍分别从18%降低到3%和20%降低到6%.
- 较高的中风严重程度 (NIHSS 5-14),总前部循环心脏病发作 (TACI) 和后部循环心脏病发作与失消症发病率的增加和更长的住院时间有关.
结论:
- 所有中风患者,包括单侧半球中风患者和完全有意识的个体,都需要进行失消症查.
- 虽然吞功能通常会随着时间的推移而改善,但在急性阶段可能需要辅助食.
- 缺血症在中风中更为普遍,NIHSS得分更高,大脑外围膜参与度更大,以及后部循环病变.
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