一个定量,全基因组的分析在Drosophila揭示了可转移元素对基因表达的影响是特定物种的
Marie Fablet1,2, Judit Salces-Ortiz1, Angelo Jacquet1
1Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS; UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France.
Genome biology and evolution
|August 31, 2023
概括
可转移元素 (TE) 在多索菲拉物种中对基因表达和表观遗传标记的影响不同. 这项研究揭示了物种特异性TE对基因RNA水平和基因素修饰的影响,影响了基因组进化.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 可转移元素 (TE) 是可以改变宿主基因组的移动DNA序列.
- 表观遗传修饰,如基因素标记 (H3K9me3,H3K4me3),调节TE活性和基因表达.
- TEs可以影响附近基因的染色质结构,影响它们的调节.
研究的目的:
- 量化TE插入对Drosophila melanogaster和Drosophila simulans中的基因RNA水平和基因素标记的影响.
- 为了比较特种特异性TEs对ortologous基因的表观遗传效应.
- 研究TE对基因H3K9me3在基因组内的变异的贡献.
主要方法:
- 利用来自卵巢样本的高通量转录和表观基因组数据.
- 分析了Drosophila melanogaster和Drosophila simulans野生型菌株的数据.
- 与TE插入相关的量化基因RNA水平和特定基因素标记 (H3K9me3,H3K4me3).
主要成果:
- 与D. melanogaster. 相比,TEs对D. simulans的正义基因表现出更强的表观遗传效应.
- 在D. melanogaster.中,TEs对H3K9me3基因变异的贡献更为显著.
- 在D. melanogaster.中,在基因附近的TE数和H3K9me3水平之间观察到更强的相关性.
结论:
- 试管婴儿对基因组调节和表观遗传景观产生特定物种的影响.
- 试验生物有助于自然的遗传变异性,可能推动适应性进化.
- 了解TE-基因组相互作用对于理解进化潜力至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:13Overview of Transposition and Recombination
15.7K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.7K
02:57DNA-only Transposons
14.6K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.6K
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.9K
01:24Transposons
57
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
57
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.4K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.4K
03:08LTR Retrotransposons
17.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.6K