校准的麦克风阵列记录显示,采摘蝙蝠甚至在开放空间息地发出低强度的回声定位呼叫
Léna de Framond1, Thejasvi Beleyur1,2,3, Daniel Lewanzik1
1Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
The Journal of experimental biology
|September 1, 2023
概括
棕色长耳蝙蝠 (Plecotus auritus) 发出低振幅的回声定位呼叫,即使在开放空间. 这种特征可能是由于形态约束,而不是针对猎物检测的适应性策略.
科学领域:
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 呼声定位蝙蝠使用强烈的超声波在黑暗中导航和狩猎.
- 空气中的超声波衰减需要空中狩猎蝙蝠的高呼叫强度.
- 呼叫的回声定位强度在蝙蝠物种之间有很大的差异,与寻找食物的策略相关.
研究的目的:
- 测量棕色长耳蝙蝠 (Plecotus auritus) 的回声定位呼叫源水平.
- 调查呼叫幅度,食策略和P. auritus.中的潜在进化驱动因素之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 使用了最先进的校准声学3D定位.
- 采用自动呼叫分析来量化回声定位参数.
- 在飞行过程中测量P. auritus回声定位呼叫的源级.
主要成果:
- 耳 (P. auritus) 发出异常低振幅的回声定位呼叫 (92 dB rmsSPL re. 在10厘米处20μPa),即使是在开放区域飞行时也是如此.
- 尽管该物种偶尔参与空中猎物捕获,但观察到的呼叫幅度很低.
结论:
- 在P. auritus中低振幅回声定位可能会带来优势,例如延迟昆虫的逃避动作.
- 该研究提出,形态约束,而不是适应性反掠夺策略,是这种物种低回声定位呼叫幅度的主要驱动因素.
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