2020年德国首次COVID-19封锁期间和之后的自杀率
Anne Elsner1, Roland Mergl2, Antje-Kathrin Allgaier2
1German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany.
PloS one
|September 1, 2023
概括
德国的COVID-19封锁在2020年并没有显著改变整体自杀率. 然而,在第一次封锁期间,自杀死亡率低于预期,并转向不太致命的方法,而封锁后的时期没有显著变化.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- COVID-19大流行和相关的公共卫生措施,特别是封锁,引起了人们对其对全球自杀行为的影响的担忧.
- 关于这些措施对自杀率的影响的现有研究在地理上是多样化的,并没有针对德国的具体结论.
- 封锁可能会通过对心理健康的影响,改变自杀方法,减少寻求帮助和改变护理质量来影响自杀率.
研究的目的:
- 调查2020年锁定和非锁定期间与十年基线相比,德国自杀率的变化.
- 分析与基线相比,在封锁期间使用的自杀方法比例的变化.
主要方法:
- 使用线性回归的中断时间序列分析被用来评估自杀率.
- 过度自杀死亡率 (ESMR) 计算用于预测和观察到的自杀率之间的比较.
- 通过将特定方法的比率与基线数据进行比较,分析了自杀方法比例的变化.
主要成果:
- 2020年整体平均自杀率与十年基线没有显著差异.
- 每周的自杀率分析显示了显著的波动,一些周高于以往几年,而其他周低于以往几年,尽管在多次测试校正后,这些影响并不显著.
- 自杀死亡率在第一个封锁期间明显较低 (ESMR = 0.933),但在封锁后的时期没有显著差异 (ESMR = 1.024).
- 在封锁期间,观察到跳跃和"其他方法"的显著增加,以及中毒和躺在移动物体前的减少.
结论:
- 虽然2020年德国的整体自杀率与基线相比保持稳定,但第一个封锁期与自杀死亡率的降低有关.
- 在封锁期间,自杀方法发生了显著的转变,不太致命的方法增加,更致命的方法减少.
- 需要进一步的研究,包括对自杀企图的代表性评估,才能充分理解在锁定期间选择方法的影响.
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