使用行为理论来理解COVID-19疫苗接种和增剂意图中的党派差异
Gregory Pavela1, Tamika Smith2, Victoria McDonald2
1Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA. pavela@uab.edu.
Journal of behavioral medicine
|September 2, 2023
概括
在COVID-19疫苗和助推剂意图中的党派差异是由保护动机理论 (PMT) 解释的. 共和党人表现出较低的意图,因为他们认为疫苗的易感性和有效性较低,并且认为成本更高.
科学领域:
- 卫生沟通健康沟通
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 2020年,COVID-19疫苗获得了紧急使用授权,到2022年,将有超过2.5亿剂量注射.
- 在COVID-19疫苗态度中的党派差异对公共卫生沟通和疫苗接种提出了挑战.
- 了解这些差异对于制定有效的公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查保护动机理论 (PMT) 是否解释了COVID-19疫苗接种和强剂意图中的党派差异.
- 确定PMT内部的特定理论构造,这些理论构造调解了这些党派差异.
主要方法:
- 一项针对美国成年人 (n=1845) 的全国在线调查于2022年2月21日至3月3日期间进行.
- 路径分析模型被用来评估民主党和共和党受访者 (n=1466) 中的PMT构造.
- 这项研究检查了初级COVID-19疫苗接种和强剂量的意图.
主要成果:
- PMT解释了大约一半的疫苗接种意图差异,以及民主党人和共和党人之间几乎所有的提升意图差异.
- 党派关系通过感知对COVID-19的易感性,疫苗/助推剂的有效性和感知成本间接影响了意图.
- 共和党人报告说,接种疫苗/增剂的意图较低,这与感知易感性较低,感知疫苗有效性较低和感知成本较高有关.
结论:
- 保护动机理论有效地解释了COVID-19疫苗和助推剂意图中的党派差异.
- 公共卫生信息应该解决共和党人关于易感性,疫苗有效性和改善疫苗接种成本的具体担忧.
- 行为意图理论对于理解和解决政治团体在健康行为中的差异是有价值的.
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