数据驱动的方法,以提高水利用效率和作物植物的抗干旱能力
Niharika Sharma1, Harsh Raman2, David Wheeler1
1NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology
|September 2, 2023
概括
满足全球粮食需求需要提高作物用水效率 (WUE) 和耐旱能力. 大数据方法加速了气候适应性作物品种的发展,提高了产量.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 植物育种 植物育种
背景情况:
- 全球人口增长和气候变化需要在作物生产方面取得进展.
- 缺水和干旱对全球农业构成了重大挑战.
- 传统的育种方法是缓慢的,并且受到现有的遗传多样性的限制.
研究的目的:
- 探索大数据驱动的方法如何加速作物遗传改进.
- 确定开发耐旱作物品种的战略,以提高用水效率 (WUE) 和产量.
- 为了利用omics技术和人工智能来更快地增强特征.
主要方法:
- 使用来自各种生殖质的高通量欧米克数据 (基因组学,转录组学,代谢组学,蛋白质组学).
- 应用人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 来分析大型数据集.
- 识别标记特征关联和优越的单元类型,以进行遗传改进.
- 整合基因组育种,速度育种和基因编辑技术.
主要成果:
- 奥米克数据与表型信息相结合,可以识别基因和特征变异的途径.
- 大数据分析加速了对干旱耐受性和WUE的遗传标记的发现.
- 人工智能和机器学习有助于用于繁殖计划的优质基因型的预测.
- 这些方法显著加快了改进作物品种的发展.
结论:
- 数据驱动的策略,包括AI和omics,对于快速改善作物至关重要.
- 开发耐干旱和高WUE的作物品种对于在不断变化的气候中实现粮食安全至关重要.
- 利用大数据为可持续农业和气候变化适应提供了新的遗传收益.
相关概念视频
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.7K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.7K
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
19.0K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
19.0K
02:02Responses to Salt Stress
13.2K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
13.2K
02:35Key Elements for Plant Nutrition
18.8K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
18.8K
02:34Water and Mineral Acquisition
33.2K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
33.2K