对不同捕食者策略的表型反应可以通过温度调解
Francesco Cerini1,2, Duncan O'Brien2, Ellie Wolfe2
1Dipartimento Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche Università della Tuscia Viterbo Italy.
Ecology and evolution
|September 4, 2023
概括
温度会影响像Paramecium caudatum这样的猎物动物如何改变它们的形状以避免捕食者,这取决于捕食者.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 温度波动影响物种相互作用和社区稳定性.
- 反捕食者反应对于猎物的生存至关重要,并且越来越被认为是温度依赖的.
- 了解这些反应对于预测气候变化下的生态动态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究温度如何影响状植物Paramecium caudatum的表型抗捕食者反应.
- 为了确定捕食者狩猎策略是否影响温度依赖的反捕食者反应.
- 量化P. caudatum在不同温度和捕食模式下的行为和形态变化.
主要方法:
- 利用高通量自动化机器人监控系统,精确追踪P. caudatum的行为和形态.
- 暴露于P. caudatum的两种捕食者类型 (Homalozoon vermiculare和Didinium nasutum) 具有不同的狩猎策略.
- 在24小时内,评估了两个温度调节 (15°C和25°C) 的反应.
主要成果:
- 黄鱼的游泳速度随温度变化而变化,但不受捕食者存在的影响.
- 在15°C时,P. caudatum对Didinium nasutum表现出显著的温度依赖的形态反应 (延长),但在25°C时却没有.
- 在捕食者Homalozoon vermiculare的存在下没有观察到显著的形态反应.
结论:
- 温度显著调节猎物对捕食者的形态反应,其影响取决于捕食者狩猎策略.
- 这些发现突出了温度,捕食者行为和猎物适应之间的复杂相互作用.
- 强调需要在对环境变化的生态研究中考虑协同反捕食者反应.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.3K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.3K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
13.6K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
13.6K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.1K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.1K
01:26Thermoregulation
1.0K
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
1.0K
01:32What is Natural Selection?
115.5K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
115.5K